Psychology of Coaching Midterm Flashcard

Psychology of Coaching Midterm

Black Paths of Leadership essays

Black Paths of Leadership essays Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois, and Marcus Garvey were all leaders in a black community that was struggling to earn rights that they had strived for for so long. In America, blacks were still without a home, as they were titled citizens yet did not really live the life of a citizen. Blacks were separated from society, as separate but equal became legal and was thought of as fair by the whites of the nation. In an epoch when times were rough, these three men made valiant efforts to relieve these African-Americans of the pain they had suffered for so long. Booker T. Washington was born a slave and began his life without formal education. It was this fact that led to him to desire education for all blacks. After working since he was nine years old, he enrolled at the Hampton Institute when he was sixteen years old. After graduating, he spent a few years as a teacher and understood that his role as a teacher could change the situation of many of his fellow blacks. He left his home and began work at Tuskegee Institute, which became a prominent institution in Alabama. Washingtons main strength lied in the fact that he was practical, and wanted to teach practical skills to blacks. This method he figured, would enable blacks to integrate into society as quickly as possible. His main weakness however lied in the fact that Washington often acted as though he was a dictator. Regardless, Washington helped to improve equality in this country. W.E.B Dubois was a well-educated man, a fact that enabled him to work on setting new standards for blacks. Dubois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. In this town, he was the first black to graduate from his high school, a trend that would continue for much of his adult life. After attending Fisk University, he became the first black to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University. After his days of education were over, he began to return the favor by teaching. H...

Explain why and how firms become multinational enterprises Essay

Explain why and how firms become multinational enterprises - Essay Example re than one country and so linked that they may co-ordinate their operations in various ways† (OECDS, 2008, p.12) It is the most common way among several by which foreign direct investments are transmitted outward by the home country, or invested inward into the host country. At times multinational firms are described in terms of equity proportion; some jurisdictions peg a multinational as one whose voting rights are 10% owned and controlled by a foreign entity; other dispensations say 50%. The OECD definition is thus an interesting one in that it specified no ownership proportion, but stresses the operational link among internationally engaged organizations in different countries. These internationally engaged firms are systematically different from those domestically oriented; they are as a rule larger and have a more complex organizational structure and processes. Multinationals are thus more complex to manage (Yeaple, 2009). A multinational enterprise (MNE) is, simply put, a business organization the operations of which spans different countries and is intricately linked to its subsidiaries or other subsidiaries of the same mother firm. Therefore, what then makes a firm into an MNE is the nature of its activities, that its activities are geographically expanded across borders under a common ownership. There are times when a stage of the firm’s operations is intended to be performed in another country, for any number of reasons such as greater cost-effectiveness or locating closer to raw material or human resources. But rather than outsourcing that stage of operations to another, domestic, firm, the company instead sets up its own subsidiary or unit in that country to perform that stage of the operations. There are several ways how a company can internationalize its operations: In all these methods, a substantial amount of long-term funds is committed in the productive activity, which infusion is called the foreign direct investment, or FDI. Forms

Business strategic management report of Ford Company Assignment

Business strategic management report of Ford Company - Assignment Example It has the legacy of providing cost effective cars along with the rapid technological change, proving to be the smartest among its competitors in the industry. Recent developments by Ford include the invasion of electrical cars in enormous amount in to the U.S consumer market. (Gomes, Donnelley & Collis, 2010) reports that the great recession of 2008 affected the automobile sector badly as the sales dropped down tremendously. The big guns in the industry were financially disturbed by the recession as loss reached new paramounts. Till the June of 2009, Ford was the only company left of Detroit’s â€Å"Big Three† which didn’t faced bankruptcy. General Motor and Chrysler were bankrupt and their borrowings from the financial sector increased. Ford was able to survive due to some active decisions made by the financial officer and the operational management team. However Ford faced a loss of $14.7 billion in 2008. The major cause of this downfall was the elimination of stockholders which pushed the company to this tragic fall. This report has examined all the chief causes of the catastrophic scenario prevailed in the automobile sector. What sort of political, economic, social and technological barriers were there in the industry and how companies indulged those? Determining the industry as a whole, what are the opportunities, threats and most important competitors of Ford; how they have challenged company’s repute and what steps should have taken by Ford. Also discussing the core competencies of the company, how do they actively utilize their resources, capabilities and what are its core competencies. Exploratron of the business level strategy; with the corporate level strategy plus making strategic plan of the company for the next five years are the major parts of this research work. PEST Analysis PEST Analysis is a vital tool for analyzing the market position of a firm. Political, economic, societal and technological factors are discusse d for understanding the standing of a company. Applying this tool to Ford presents the following picture: Political Factors: Ford along with other automobile companies was in turmoil due to the bad economic scenario of the country. After the Presidential elections of 2008, Obama Government started operating on January 1st, 2009 and encouraged people to purchase new cars and old ones were scrapped. The enforcement of this order was a beginning of a new sun for the automobile sector as people had to purchase new cars. The old cars were scrapped and this political decision thus really helped Ford too. The first quarter of 2009 brought good news for the company as Ford only had $1.4 billion loss in that tenure. These were promising figures because last year Ford faced mammoth loss of $14.7 billion. Hence the political decision of newly established government was appreciated among the automobile industry (Gomes, Donnelley & Collis, 2010). Economic Factors: Ford was the survivors of bankr uptcy so they had to utilize their finances very carefully. The economic factors suggested that now revival of the economy will start very soon. The Chief Financial officer of Ford estimated that breakeven would be achieved in 2011. The economic and

Expansion by Foreign Direct Investment in European Countries Dissertation - 2

Expansion by Foreign Direct Investment in European Countries - Dissertation Example The establishing of the transition state and their re-entry into the international market saw a phenomenal drive for privatization which necessarily required capital investments together with business and management assistance each of which are specifically FDI oriented.   Moreover, these transition states not only provide a stable supply of low labor costs they are both geographically and politically close to Western Europe.   Certainly, these factors ought to be appealing to FDIs.   Even so, the international expansion of Europe by FDIs has not developed as expected.   With the expectation that a number of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries will eventually become members of the European Union, several questions relative to the impacts of international expansion in Europe arise.   The first question is whether or not this prospect will contribute to European internationalization via FDI.   This paper investigates this question since Europe represents a unique conglomeration of developed and developing countries, an essential feature of the internationalization.   The main objective is to ensure that developing countries share in international capital flows.   Another relevant question for investigation is whether or not FDIs will introduce the skill and capital necessary for modernizing CEEs in Europe or will it encourage monopolies and rent-seeking practices.   If the FDI can be beneficial in terms of internationalization in Europe, what factors are essentially fueling its development and growth and what can European countries do to make the FDI more appealing? Ideally, the impact of internationalization by FDI in Europe should be the supply of cheap labor with a reciprocal infusion of capital for the funding of privatization and industrialization.   In this regard, Western European and other foreign companies would assist in the transitioning of these socialist states to open-market economies by not only providing investment capital, but by virtue of technology and management transfers.   This is the intended consequence of economic integration under the auspices of internationalization.   More importantly, this is the way forward if Europe intends to achieve its goal of becoming a global economy.

Pv Value in a Seal Questions and Answers

Pv Value in a Seal Questions and Answers Question 1 (4 marks) List 4 important parameters (not the equation parameters) that are determined by the Pv value in a seal. The suitability of material combinations for the seal faces. The amount of heat generated at the face It also follows that at a given rotational speed An increase in shaft diameter since implies an increase in the Pv value. Assessor Feedback Question 2 (4 marks) The contact property of the interface is influenced by which component in a seal unit? What is the need for seal balance? The fluid pressure in the axial direction is the only pressure component influencing the contact property of the interface. The fluid pressure in the axial direction is the only pressure component influencing the contact property of the interface. Thus, only this component is considered for seal balance and further used to compute the resulting contact force acting on the face. Assessor Feedback Question 3(8 marks) Given the following data, calculate the face area, spring pressure and balance ratios (external and internal) of a seal, for both externally acting and internally acting pressures. Is this Balanced or Unbalanced and why? Seal face contact outer diameter, D = 61.8 mm Effective seal balance diameter, B = 52.6 mm Deal face contact inner diameter, d = 49.2 mm Spring force at working length, F =188 N Calculate the face area of the seal: Α=à Ã¢â€š ¬(D_0^2-D_1^2 )/4 Α=à Ã¢â€š ¬(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-68.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-49.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 )/4 =1098.46 à £Ã¢â€š ¬-mmà £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 A=0.001098à £Ã¢â€š ¬- mà £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 Calculate the spring pressure: P_sp=F_sp/A =188/0.00109846 =171148.7 à £Ã¢â€š ¬-N/à £Ã¢â€š ¬-_(m^2 ) =P_sp 0.17115 MPa Calculate the balance ratio for the external loading: B=(D_0^2-D_b^2)/(D_0^2-D_t^2 ) Α=(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-61.8à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-52.6à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2)/(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-61.8à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-49.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 ) =1052.48/1398.6 B=0.753 (B Calculate the balance ration for the internal loading B=(D_b^2-D_t^2)/(D_0^2-D_t^2 ) Α=(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-52.6à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-49.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2)/(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-61.8à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-49.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 ) =346.12/1398.6 B=0.25 (B Assessor Feedback Question 4 (4 marks) From the following single mechanical seals, identify the 7 sealing components and other mechanical components, briefly describing their functions? 1)Mating Ring. 2)Primary Sealing Ring. 3) O-ring. 4) O-Ring. 5) Disc. 6) Spring. 7) Retainer. Fluid is to be kept from escaping where the shaft extends through the housing, especially as the shaft rotates. A ring, part 1, with an O-ring, part 4, is sealed against the housing of the container. It is called the mating ring. Another ring, part 2, with an O-ring, part 3, is mounted onto the shaft. It is called the primary sealing ring. The contacting faces of these rings are lapped flat, within light bands. Initial contact between the faces is maintained by a spring, part 6, which pushes them together. The spring reacts against a retainer, part 7 Assessor Feedback Question 5 (4 marks) What difference do you notice between the two mechanical seals shown below. Name them and describe their application. Shows of an outside balanced seal. The shaft packing is forced against the retainer, leaving an area under the seal ring exposed to stuffing box pressure. The closing force exerted by the stuffing box pressure, acting against the shoulder of the seal ring, is slightly greater than the opening force exerted by the liquid film between the faces, thereby keeping the faces in contact at all times. Inside balanced seal illustrates a conventional inside seal that has been balanced. Notice that a step in the shaft has allowed the sealing face of the mating ring to be moved radially inward without decreasing the width of the face itself. The primary sealing ring remains mounted on the original shaft diameter, which means that the closing force remains unchanged. Because we have successfully exposed more of the primary sealing ring face to hydraulic pressure working to open the seal, the design is considered balanced. Assessor Feedback Question 6 (4 marks) Name the primary sealing elements in a single mechanical seal. 1) Primary sealing surfaces. 2) Secondary sealing surfaces. 3) a means of actuation. 4) a means of drive. Assessor Feedback Question 7 (4 marks) While its accepted that solid alumina ceramic seal rings will be considerably more expensive than ceramic coated steel rings, why should they be the preferred choice between the two types of seal ring? When handling corrosive fluids at moderate pressures and velocities: alumina ceramics may be employed as thin coatings or solid rings (preferred!!) For highly corrosive fluids: high purity ceramic alumina can be used. Alumina ceramics have: Relatively low tensile strength Poor resistance to thermal shock Low thermal conductivity High elasticity modulus Assessor Feedback Question 8 (4 marks) Which dynamic secondary sealing element is the preferred type to handle axial movement? Give reasons for your answer. What type of damage does a wedge type secondary seal do to pump shafts/sleeves? Explain how this mechanism works. The pusher type of mechanical seals move axially along the rotating shaft or the sleeve to maintain the contact with the faces of the seal. This feature of these seals helps compensate for the wearing that may occur at the seal face, and wobbling due to misalignment. The pusher types of mechanical seals are used commonly, are less expensive and are easily available in the market in wide range of sizes and designs. The only disadvantage of these seals is that they tend to hang up and sometimes there is fretting of the shaft. Pusher seals utilize a dynamic secondary seal which moves axially with the major seal face. which is either an O-ring, wedge or other type of equipment, across the shaft as a means of compensation for face wear and/or shaft movement. For high temperature (up to 500 deg F) or aggressive chemicals a Teflon wedge ring may be used. Since Teflon is plastic and does not rebound like elastomer, it has to be pushed by spring force into the wedge shaped opening to maintain a seal on the shaft. Non-Pusher type or Bellow seals have no dynamic secondary seal under the movable seal ring. Check Which dynamic secondary sealing element is for axial movement. Operation does not cause shaft wear pusher type seals can handle bi-directional shaft rotation, large pressure, temperature and speed excursions. Assuming a spring-loaded Teflon wedge can also be used as a dynamic shaft seal behind the rotating primary seal ring. The spring and process pressures keep the wedge in contact with the shaft. Like chevrons and U-cups, wedges can only seal in one direction. Because of the tendency for Teflon to cold flow, almost all wedges need to be loaded by one or more springs along with the process pressure. Wedge seals often cause shaft damage by fretting. Assessor Feedback Question 9 (4 marks) What is the distinct advantage offered by a bellows seal? How can the design be improved to accommodate higher pressures? Which bellows material offers the best corrosion resistance? One of the most frequent and serious problems valves face is gland leakage, results in wasted and increased plant downtime. Apart from the high cost of energy losses, Gland leakages can also cause serious environmental, ecological and health hazards to plant workers and personnel. Leakage of sensitive material can also constitute to a fire hazard, explosion, or damage to equipment by corrosive material. Air entering the pipeline could produce inflammable explosive or poisonous mixtures. Gland packed valves often demand continual maintenance in accessibility creating particular difficulties. The bellows comply to conditions at high temperatures and are capable of withstanding over 10,000 cycles without failure. Bellow Seals are also known as Zero Leak Valves or Emission Free Valves The multi-ply bellow design is preferred for handling higher pressure fluids (generally two or three plies of the metal wall). A two ply bellow can increase its pressure rating by 80% to 100% as compared to a single ply bellow of the same thickness. Alternatively, if a single ply bellow of a thickness equivalent to a pressure rating of a two ply bellow is used, the stroke length is reduced. Thus, a multi-ply bellow design offers a distinct advantage over a single ply bellow. The stainless steel bellow material AISI 316Ti which contains Titanium to withstand high temperatures. Alternatively, Inconel 600 or Inconel 625 improve fatigue strength and corrosion resistance as compared with stainless steel bellows. Similarly, Hastalloy C-276 offers greater corrosion resistance and fatigue strength than Inconel 625. Fatigue resistance can be improved by using a multiply bellows system and reducing the stroke length; this can significantly increase the bellow service life. Assessor Feedback Question 10 (6 marks) Do a comparative analysis of inboard and outboard mounting of seals. Inside-mounted seal is the most common in the industry and the most energy-efficient when compared with other sealing methods, such as packing and seal less equipment. They are used in all industries with respect to fluid types and the seals property ranges, pressure speed, diameter and temperature. Inside seals are mounted within the equipment seal chamber the advantages of this design include: The seal can be cooled by the pumped fluid in an enlarged dead-ended chamber, by a product bypass flush or by a clean external flush. Depending on the seal chamber design, the rotary action of the seal assembly may help keep debris away from the seal faces. With proper hydraulic balancing, the product pressure helps keep the seal faces closed. Catastrophic leakage is usually avoided during seal failure. Leakage can be restricted by the stationary elements in the gland. Inside seals are available in many materials and designs. Environmental controls are easily included in the design. Centrifugal forces tend to reduce leakage. Outside seals are mounted external of the equipment housing the advantages of this design include: Outside-mounted seals can be used when the radial or axial space in the chamber is not adequate or access is not available for an inside seal installation. Installation may be easier than with an inside seal. However, most equipment designs still require à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨some disassembly. Less expensive materials may be used since à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨many components may not be exposed to the pumped product. The seal can be observed and monitored for seal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨face wear. Adjustments can be made without à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨equipment disassembly. The seal can often be backed-off for cleaning. Assessor Feedback Question 11 (8 marks) Explain the difference between static and dynamic seals? 0-rings are used for effective sealing in applications. Mostly, they are used to help repair or correct any manufacturing or installation defects seen in glands. 0-rings can be used in static as well as dynamic applications. The make of both these 0-rings will be different owing to the difference in application requirements. The following are some major differences between static and dynamic 0-rings: The material used to manufacture dynamic 0-rings should be tougher than that used to manufacture static 0-rings.This is because the dynamic 0-ring will have to undergo movement while the application is functioning. In dynamic applications, the surface finish and material of the gland should be such that it doesnt abrade the 0-ring during movement otherwise, the 0-ring could tear this is irrelevant in static applications, where the 0-ring doesnt move. 0-rings used in dynamic applications are likely to wear at a faster rate as compared to static 0-rings. This is because dynamic 0-rings are constantly moving. Hence, the interval of maintenance procedures for dynamic 0-rings should be shorter than that of static 0-rings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢All 0-rings should be properly lubricated at all times. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Dyna mic 0-rings require more lubrication than static ones. Depending on the application, static or dynamic seals will be used. O-rings are useful in a varied number of industries and applications. They are effective across a wide range of temperatures and pressures. However, using the right 0-ring for each application will help you increase the reliability and service life of the 0-ring. You can consult with your 0-ring manufacturer on the best fit for your application Assessor Feedback Question 12 (4 marks) Why are mechanical seals preloaded? Name four of the most common types of preloading for pump seals. Depending on the application it may be necessary to have either a positive or a negative operational clearance in the bearing arrangement. In the majority of applications, the operational clearance should be positive, i.e. when in operation, the bearing should have a residual clearance, however slight. However, in many cases, machine tool spindle bearings, pinion bearings in automotive axle drives, bearing arrangements of small electric motors, or bearing arrangements for oscillating movement, where a negative operational clearance, i.e. a preload, is needed to enhance the stiffness of the bearing arrangement or to increase running accuracy. The application of a preload, e.g. by springs, is also recommended where bearings are to operate without load or under very light load and at high speeds. In these cases, the preload serves to provide a minimum load on the bearing and prevent bearing damage as a result of sliding movements of the rolling elements, Helical Compression Spring, Wave Washer Springs, Single Belleville Washer Springs, Elastomeric Preloading Assessor Feedback Question 13 (4 marks) The table below contains a list of commonly used seal materials. For the given set of temperatures in degree centigrade, indicate the suitability of these materials by marking S for suitable and LS for limited suitability of short period durations. Type of Material Temperature in  ° C 50 100 200 300 350 Natural Rubber S S LS Nitrile S S S LS Neoprene S S S LS Viton S S S S S Silicone S S S S S Fluoro-elastomer S S S S S Question 14 (4 marks) What are the characteristics that make pure carbon-graphite the most favoured material in the chemical industry? Strongly anisotropic, Greasy feel, Readily marks, High thermal conductivity, High tensile strength, Low thermal expansion coefficient, Good resistance to thermal shock. Assessor Feedback Question 15 (4 marks) Ignoring temperature limitations, what type of elastomeric material would you suggest for the following applications? Sealing for Vacuum systems Buna-N, silicone, Fluorocarbon, and Perfluorocarbon Applications Vacuum systems Polyurethane Rotary shaft seals Fluorocarbon, Polyacrylate Applications that require high tear and abrasion resistance Natural Rubber Question 16 (4 marks) Why is it difficult to achieve a perfectly uniform load distribution across the shaft circumference, when using a single coil spring? What does this condition further lead to? What are the main advantages associated with the use of multi-coil springs? Typically, a single-coil spring used for a seal head has a relatively large wire cross section and therefore provides more substance to combat corrosion from the system fluid. But it is rigid in construction because of which there is difficulty in achieving a perfectly uniform load distribution across the shaft circumference. This may in turn lead to distortion of the primary seal ring face and this is particularly critical at high rotational shaft speeds. This arrangement consists of a series of small coil springs uniformly distributed along the circumference of the seal cartridge. The chief advantage with this design is that the possibility of distortion of the primary seal ring face is minimized and this is particularly true at higher rotational speeds of the shaft. The use of multiple-coil springs makes seal design independent of seal diameter sizes. Deterioration arising from chemical corrosion can be greatly minimized by the use of stainless steel for spring manufacture. Assessor Feedback Question 17 (4 marks) What is the three-point contact method? Explain in brief, the procedure involved. Three-point contact method where three setscrews positioned at 120 ° from each other ensure squareness of the rotating face, by deforming the sleeve to the shaft OD. Another set of three setscrews also located 120 ° apart and positioned between the earlier set of screws, enable locking of the sleeve to the shaft. Assessor Feedback Question 18 (4 marks) Metal impregnations are sometimes added to graphite seal rings in order to improve their properties. Give three areas of concern when selecting these metal additions. Both the metal filler and the carbon have to be compatible to the sealed liquid. The metal will heat up and expand more rapidly than the carbon. The coefficient of friction of the metal will be higher than the parent carbon and the seal face will run hotter than if it were made just from pure carbon. Assessor Feedback Question 19 (4 marks) Outline the nature of seal malfunction that may be caused by the following: Incorrect pressure differential between inside and outside seal face sets Cavitation or vaporization of liquid between sealing faces Thermal distress of material Large bearing clearances A change in temperature. Many products solidify at temperature extremes, the product is taking a pressure drop across the seal faces and solidifying. The inner face of a back to back double seal application is not positively locked in position. A snap ring must be installed to prevent the inboard stationary face from moving towards the rotating face when the high pressure barrier fluid pressure is lost or overcome by system pressure. Erosion / Corrosion. An accelerated attack caused by a combination of corrosion and mechanical wear. Vaporization, liquid turbulence, vane passing syndrome, and suction recirculation are special cases often called cavitation. Solids in the liquid and high velocity increase the problem Heat checking is caused by thermal distress of the material resulting in small radial cracks. Scoring may be present or uneven wear with the heat checking on the high spots. Occurs typically with tungsten carbides and silicon carbides Seal drips when stationary and when the shaft is rotating. Seal may pop from flashing during operation. The tendency for a seal to wedge is enhanced by a rough surface, lack of lubrication and high reciprocating speeds. Wedging is unlikely to occur with small clearance gaps in the range of 0.0550.127mm (0.002-0.005 inch). For clearances greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 inch) the possibility of wedging always exists as the radial clearance increases, the axial clearance increases as well the more room (radial clearance), the more the elements can shift in relation to each other. With a higher clearance there is more tolerance of thermal expansion effects, differential temperature between the inner and outer faces. Assessor Feedback Question 20 (4 marks) The leakage rate in a seal while running is found to be constant. Can the reason be attributed to a damaged seal face? State three important causes for each of the below: Intermittent leakage There is a leak between the face and the holder that becomes visible only when the unit comes up to operating temperature. A bending or bent shaft is causing the seal outside diameter to contact the inside diameter of the stuffing box, or some other stationary object. The shaft/ sleeve is too large in diameter and it is restricting movement of the seal. Spring loaded dynamic elastomers such as Teflon ® wedges, U- cups, chevrons and spring loaded O-ring designs are very sensitive to this problem Constant dripping in a seal. There is damage in the O-ring groove. Maybe the O-ring was removed with a sharp metal instrument and this has caused a scratch in the O-ring groove. Leaking between the gland and the stuffing box. This leak path is very visible in most applications Leaking between the cartridge sleeve and the shaft Question 21 (6 marks) It is a requirement to identify and select a suitable mechanical seal for a given application and process. What is the nature and type of questions that you would raise, in order to help arrive at the right selection? General Selection Considerations The process of mechanical seal selection involves a thorough evaluation of many important factors that include: Shaft diameter Rotational rubbing speed in the contact faces Service temperature Process fluid pressure Physical and chemical properties of the various liquid constituents Mechanical/structural properties of the primary seal components Environmental control systems Properties and resistance characteristics of the secondary sealing components. Pressure. Assessor Feedback Question 22 (4 marks) Which of the following conditions satisfy the requirements for sealing high-speed applications? Explain in brief: Lower spring load at seal faces Increased hydraulic balance ratio Face combinations such as carbon vs. tungsten carbide Stationary seal designs Number 4. Stationary seal designs: The Internal seal configuration, with the seal heads mounted stationary and the seal seats rotating with the shaft is advantageous, especially in high-speed applications where dynamic balancing considerations demand minimum mass of the rotating parts Assessor Feedback Question 23 (6 marks) A change in pumping fluid temperature adversely affect the seals in the stuffing boxes. What are the effects and How do you control the temperature in the stuffing box and the seal? a)Many fluids are adversely affected by a change in their temperature, and when this change takes place, seal failure is almost sure to follow. The failure can take several forms: Coated hard faces can heat check (crack). Elastomers can take a compression set and crack at elevated temperature Cold temperatures can cause elastomers to harden. The liquid can crystallize, restricting seal movement and open the faces. The liquid can vaporize between the faces forcing them open. The viscosity of the fluid can change either restricting seal movement, or making the fluid less of a lubricant. The liquids corrosion rate will double with an 18 ° Fahrenheit (10 ° C) rise in temperature. The liquid can convert to a film between the sliding seal components, restricting their movements. The magnetite that forms in hot water is a good example of this. A film can form on the seal faces causing them to separate. Lapped seal faces can distort and go out of flat at elevated or cryogenic temperatures. b) A balanced mechanical seal and installed at the proper compression, is your best insurance against a significant rise in stuffing box temperature: Proper face balance. 70/ 30 is the most common to 5000 fpm. (25 Meters per sec.) Low friction face materials. Carbon/graphite vs. a silicon carbide hard face is the best. The correct spring compression to control face loading. Faces with good heat conductivity. Tungsten carbide and silicon carbide have excellent thermal conductivity compared to most other hard face materials. A small cross section carbon/ graphite face press fitted into a metal holder is better than solid carbon/ graphite for removing heat from between the lapped faces. Sometimes, that is not good enough, so occasionally youll have to come up with some additional method of controlling the temperature in the stuffing box area and between the lapped seal faces. A heating /cooling jacket, quench flush or drain connection, dual seal, heat exchanger Assessor Feedback Question 24 (4 marks) The mechanical shaft seal should be selected according to the operating conditions at the shaft seal location. What important factors must be considered when selecting a mechanical shaft seal? For a specific ap

Theme Writing Essay -- Education Teaching Writing Essays

Theme Writing When I look at the first paper that I did for this class, I can see that what I wrote was theme writing. As a matter of fact I think this is an example that could be used to show people what it is that they shouldn't do when trying to move away from theme writing. I have used all the elements that I was taught in high school, and I can't seem to get rid of them. When I look at this paper I see a loose intro as to what it is that I would like to accomplish, I see four to five paragraphs of information, and a conclusion. I think that when I wrote this, I did it automatically, and with out any further thought. All the other writing that I have had to do thus far has called for theme writing, and I have had a very hard time getting away from it. I think if I were to be given the same assignment again,I would write something that was completely different. I think the person I represent in this first paper, is a person who thought they were a good writer, and what the end product shows is that I'm not as good as I thought I was. By having another look at this paper, I can see that I have a long way to go before I can consider myself to be a good writer. The worst thing about this paper is that I did exactly what I wasn't supposed to do. I wrote a theme, and if I remember right, we weren't supposed to do that. I think that during this quarter I learned how to write papers that aren't as rigid as the ones that I have written in the past, but I still think I have a long way to go to get better. Besides, I don't think a writer is able to become a good writer in 12 weeks. I'm not even sure if I want to be a writer. I would rather analyze novels, and other writers works than my own. I think the best way to describe the re... ...o look at as writing like this, we all are at different levels, and no matter how hard some of us try, we will never get to the same level as the people ahead of us. Some of us are always going to be behind, and that's o.k. I'm only starting to come to terms with this idea, but I think this is something that I should keep in mind due to the fact that I'm extremely hard on myself, and I should realize that we all can't be at the same level. I guess for my final statements on this paper, I should be constructive instead of destructive. I think this is one of the better papers I have written this quarter in this class. But I do realize that I have some things that I need to work on. I know that I can only hope to move forward in my writing, and with patience, practice, and persistence, I'll get to where I want to be. But for now I will have to take what I can get.

Travel Brochure

The Pharaohs were the most powerful and the most important people in the kingdom. He ruled the government, the military, the religion and all his people. They were the kings and queens of Egypt. Many people also believed that pharaohs were half god. They believed the Pharaoh was the sun god Re. Pharaohs also often had many wives but they only had one queen. The Great Pyramids of Giza- There are 3 chambers inside the pyramid. The lower one, is made of limestone bedrock and was never completed. The 2nd and 3rd were known as the king and queens chamber. Surrounding the pyramid are tombs, statues, and other monuments, this certainly would be a site to see! Step Pyramid at Saqqara- This was the 1st stone building ever made. Djoser constructed this beauty. Where will we be traveling? And who are the Pharaohs. Delete box or place a tag line or quote here. Delete box or place a tag line or quote here. 5555 Street Address City, State 55555 Telephone 555. 555. 5555 Facsimile 555. 555. 5555 DELETE BOX, OR PLACE TEXT OR LOGO HERE www. webaddress. com During the 2nd half of the old kingdom Saqqara was known as the royal burying grounds. The step pyramid of djoser was created all out of stone. It’s also often referred to (because of its rectangular base) as the Step Tomb. Its surrounded by ceremonial structures as well as many decorations. When Djoser led, he led his people through time of advancements and expansion. To expand Egypt’s territory, he fought foreign invaders on both the eastern and western sides. When Djoser ruled he also ended the famine that had been bringing down his empire. Before Djoser’s time there was a lot of hardship, but he got people back on track and his efforts also lead to more agriculture and farming. He was a wonderful and respected leader. Leader- Djoser Karnak SUBHEAD Delete box or place a tag line or quote here. Delete box or place a tag line or quote here. * HEADLINE Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Continue brochure text here. Saqqara t

Spelling Tips The Y to I Rule

Spelling Tips The Y to I Rule Spelling Tips: The Y to I Rule When a word ends in a vowel plus â€Å"-y,† it’s usually straightforward to modify it by adding a letter (or letters); adding â€Å"-ous,† for example, means â€Å"joy† becomes â€Å"joyous.† However, when a word ends in a consonant plus â€Å"y† things get more complicated, which can make spelling challenging. To ensure your written work is error-free, it helps to keep the y to i rule in mind. The Y to I Rule The basic rule is, for any word that ends in a consonant plus â€Å"-y,† change the â€Å"y† to â€Å"i† if adding a suffix or forming a plural. Plurals For plurals, simply change the â€Å"y† to an â€Å"-ies†: Singular Plural Story Stories Candy Candies Hippy Hippies First-Person Singular Past Tense Verbs Forming the first-person singular of a verb ending in a consonant plus â€Å"y† requires changing the â€Å"y† to â€Å"-ies,† while the past tense involves switching â€Å"y† for â€Å"-ied†: Verb First-Person Singular Past Tense Fry Fries Fried Apply Applies Applied Beautify Beautifies Beautified Comparatives Superlatives When an adjective ends in a consonant plus â€Å"-y,† forming a comparative or superlative involves changing the â€Å"y† to â€Å"-ier† and â€Å"-iest† respectively: Adjective Comparative Superlative Tiny Tinier Tiniest Jumpy Jumpier Jumpiest Thirsty Thirstier Thirstiest Forming Adverbs Modifying an adjective to make an adverb involves substituting the â€Å"y† for â€Å"-ily†: Adjective Adverb Happy Happily Lazy Lazily Flimsy Flimsily Exceptions The â€Å"y†-to-â€Å"i† rule doesn’t always work; some variations of â€Å"sly,† for example, can be spelled with either a â€Å"y† or an â€Å"i† (e.g., â€Å"slyest/sliest† and â€Å"slyer/slier†). Moreover, while changing â€Å"y† to â€Å"i† isn’t typically necessary when a word ends with a vowel plus â€Å"-y,† there are exceptions here too (such as modifying â€Å"day† to become â€Å"daily†). As such, although the y to i rule is a good guideline, it’s still important to double-check words if you’re not sure they’re spelled correctly.

À Condition Que Takes the French Subjunctive

Condition Que Takes the French Subjunctive The phrase condition que (provided that)  is one of a long list of what are called French conjunctive phrases, which usually introduce a subordinating clause in a sentence. A conjunctive phrase is a group of two or more words that usually ends in  que  and is often a  subordinating conjunction  linking a subordinating clause to the main clause. Close to half of such conjunctive phrases used  as subordinating conjunctions, including condition  que,  require a subjunctive verb to convey their meaning: Je lachà ¨terai condition que tu le prennes.Ill buy it provided that you take it. The subjunctive  mood  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain, such as will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity and judgment. Subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent, or subordinate, clauses introduced by  que  or  qui. Conjunctive Phrases The phrases below with * take a subjunctive verb. Those with ** take the formal, more literary ne explà ©tif, which is a ne  negation without the pas. condition que*  Ã‚  provided that afin que*  Ã‚  so that ainsi que  Ã‚  just as, so as alors que  Ã‚  while, whereas mesure que  Ã‚  as (progressively) moins que**  Ã‚  unless aprà ¨s que  Ã‚  after, when supposer que*  Ã‚  assuming that au cas oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in case aussità ´t que  Ã‚  as soon as avant que**  Ã‚  before bien que*  Ã‚  although dans lhypothà ¨se oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in the event that de crainte que**  Ã‚  for fear that de faà §on que*  Ã‚  in such a way that de manià ¨re que*  Ã‚  so that de mà ªme que  Ã‚  just as de peur que**  for fear that depuis que  Ã‚  since de sorte que*  Ã‚  so that, in such a way that dà ¨s que  Ã‚  as soon as en admettant que*  Ã‚  assuming that en attendant que*  Ã‚  while, until encore que*  Ã‚  even though jusqu ce que*  Ã‚  until parce que  Ã‚  because pendant que  Ã‚  while pour que*  Ã‚  so that pourvu que*  Ã‚  provided that quand bien mà ªme  Ã‚  even though/if quoi que*  Ã‚  whatever, no matter what sans que**  Ã‚  without sità ´t que  Ã‚  as soon as supposà © que*  Ã‚  supposing tandis que  Ã‚  while, whereas tant que  Ã‚  Ã‚  as long as vu que  Ã‚  seeing as/that Additional Resources The Subjunctivator!Quiz: Subjunctive or indicative?Expressions with

How Significant Was Kevin Rudd's Apology to the Stolen Generations Essay - 1

How Significant Was Kevin Rudd's Apology to the Stolen Generations - Essay Example In the history of political speeches in Australia, this held the record for the most emotional speech in many years. The depth of the statement had gone to deep to be assumed to be just a political statement. It also represented social views regarding the ignored states of the indigenous people on Australia (Docker, Curthoys & Peters-Little, 2010). It was also compared to a speech by human rights groups. The apology did not impact only in Australian citizens but it has a global effect in the fight against abuse of human rights. The apology statement moved the population’s perception of the indigenous people. In the past the Australian government had done a lot of harm and injustice towards the indigenous people. The apology statement was intended to mend that wrong by initiating perception change and convincing people that the government will give justice to indigenous people. The main aim of this essay is to analyze the contents and the implication of the apology statement. I t will also provide a perspective on the significance of the apology statement by Kevin Rudd’s Apology to the Stolen Generation. The release of the apology statement had been waited for a long time and anticipated. The speculations started being believed when the children of Torres Strait and other indigenous children were taken away from their parents. This action sparked a nationwide row over the matter. It is at this point when the children were termed as the stolen generation. However, the Australian government insisted that all it did was to expose the children to a more modernized and friendly environment. These claims were not accepted by the human rights groups who still insisted the act was heinous and contradicted the law. It is this argument that led to the establishment of an inquiry to look into the matter. The team was led by Ronald Wilson and Mick Dodson (Beecher, 2009). The inquiry was given the title; the national inquiry into the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait children from their parents. The findings of this inquiry were founded in a report known as bringing them home report. The report contained the inquires’ recommendation of some charity and just deeds towards the children. Apart from the recommendation, the report shows that one out of three children was taken forcefully away from their parents. In the report tribulations of the children undergo while under the government were highlighted in the report. According to the report many of the children taken to foster home were unhappy with their living conditions. There were also some claims of forced labour imposed upon the children (Kahane, 2009). All these inquiries and speculations were made possible by the speech made by Kevin Rudd. The speech led to the formation of the inquiry, the writing of the report, and the recommendations to solve these issues. According to Rudolf (2009), it was for the first time in history that the indigenous people felt that they wer e being represented and their living conditions noticed to be inhumane. All this developments are attributed to the Prime Minister and his landmark apology statement. As the world celebrated the major step towards the realization of human rights, the immediate Australian government and the rest governments found a critical issue to base their debates on. The political expression made by the apology by the apology statement was very significant in Australia. 11 years prior to the statement in 2008, no government accepted the fact

Repealing National Prohibition in the USA Term Paper

Repealing National Prohibition in the USA - Term Paper Example However, this was not the first time that alcohol was under prohibition in America. The state of Maine was the first state in America to prohibit alcohol; this was far back in the 1850s3. The law made it illegal to possess, manufacture, distribute, consume, advertise, give, or remove alcohol or alcohol-based recipes from a residence or business premise4. The main group that facilitated the implementation of the prohibition was the Anti Saloon League (ASL), a powerful organization that had the support of a majority of the members of the Congress5. People who formulated the law thought that the law would help in reducing the vices in the society, which were associated with alcohol; however, the law elicited widespread debate on the subject. Among the people who were actively involved in the debate were the women who formed two opposing groups. One of the groups, women Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), advocated for the prohibition whereas another group, the Women Organization for Nati onal Prohibition Repeal (WONPR), was against the prohibition6. The main reason that led to the formation of organizations, which were against the prohibition, was that prohibition had led to a significant increase in crime. In addition, prohibition turned people who were previously law-abiding citizens to become criminals7. In addition, prohibition threatened to lead to the moral disintegration of the American society as the people who were supposed to enforce the law were under implication several times in corruption scandals8. Apart from the effects, the prohibition had on the crime rates it also negatively affected several sectors of the economy, which used to provide the livelihoods of millions of America either directly or indirectly. One of the sectors under great impact was the wine industry9. Therefore, for the successful implementation, the government should have first tries to build a consensus and evaluate the effects of the prohibition instead of forcing it down on peopl e10. Annotated Bibliography Behr, Edward. Prohibition: thirteen years that changed America. NY: Arcade Publishing, Inc. 1996. The book offers a comprehensive study of the prohibition of alcohol. It tries to devise reasons that may have brought about certain people to advocate for prohibition strongly. Throughout the book, the author uses temperance to explain why a certain group of people, notably, the Anti-Saloon League (ASL), successfully used temperance to show why alcohol should confront prohibition. In the book, the author tries to analyze the propaganda spread by the ASL to impose fines on certain alcohol manufacturers. The ASL sometimes played the racial cards and tried to capture the American’s hatred towards the Germans to help in the advancement of its goals of imposing prohibition. The author develops the story by showing how â€Å"the good creature of God,† (referring to alcohol) has been an integral part of America. The author even states that the founding president of America, George Washington used to spend huge sums of money on alcohol. By considering these various prominent parties, which were involved and affected, the author is able to paint a more vivid picture of this era.